eugene nida 的两个翻译原则（Eugene Nida and His Two Translation Principles）
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2023-06-08 10:45:51
摘要 Eugene Nida and His Two Translation Principles
Eugene Nida is one of the most influential translation theorists in the 20th century, and his contribution to the...
Eugene Nida and His Two Translation Principles
Eugene Nida is one of the most influential translation theorists in the 20th century, and his contribution to the field of translation studies is remarkable. Among his many contributions, two of his translation principles, namely dynamic equivalence and functional equivalence, stand out and have been widely applied in translation practice. In this article, I will discuss these two principles in detail and their implications for translation.
Dynamic Equivalence: The Principle of Naturalness
Dynamic equivalence is also known as functional equivalence or the principle of naturalness. According to Nida, dynamic equivalence focuses on the message rather than the form of the source text. The goal of dynamic equivalence is to produce a translation that sounds natural in the target language and conveys the intended meaning of the source text. To achieve this goal, the translator needs to identify the message in the source text and find an equivalent expression in the target language that is suitable for the intended audience.
Dynamic equivalence is particularly useful when translating literary and cultural texts. Literary texts often contain figures of speech, cultural allusions, and other cultural references that may not be familiar to the target audience. A translator who follows the dynamic equivalence principle needs to find an equivalent expression in the target language that conveys the same meaning as the original text. By doing so, the translator can make the translated text accessible and enjoyable for the target audience. However, dynamic equivalence may not be suitable for translating technical or scientific texts which require a more precise and accurate rendering.
Functional Equivalence: The Principle of Accuracy
Functional equivalence, also known as formal equivalence or the principle of accuracy, focuses on the form of the source text. According to Nida, functional equivalence aims to produce a translation that reproduces the form and structure of the source text as closely as possible while retaining the meaning. The goal of functional equivalence is to create a translation that is faithful to the source text and can be used for academic and research purposes.
Functional equivalence is particularly useful when translating technical and scientific texts, legal documents, and other texts that require a high level of precision and accuracy. In these cases, the translator needs to be familiar with the specialized terminology and syntax of the source language and find an equivalent expression in the target language that conveys the same technical meaning. By following the principle of functional equivalence, the translator can ensure that the translated text is reliable and can be used for academic and research purposes.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Nida's two translation principles, dynamic equivalence and functional equivalence, offer a useful framework for translators to approach the translation process. While dynamic equivalence focuses on the message and naturalness of the translation, functional equivalence emphasizes the form and accuracy of the translation. Both principles have their uses and limitations, and the translator needs to choose the most appropriate principle depending on the nature of the source text and the intended audience. By applying these principles, translators can produce translations that are both faithful to the source text and accessible to the target audience.
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